Estudio de tres villas de la provincia de Jaén de ascendencia árabe, nacidas bajo la protección de encumbradas fortalezas : Segura de la Sierra, Iznatoraz y Santiesteban, la primera ya mencionada en el siglo XI y la tercera en el X. Iznatoraz no es mencionada en las crónicas árabes, si bien el topónimo es de ese origen. El estudio incluye la arquitectura mudejar de los siglos XIII y XIV añadida al castillo de Segura de la Sierra por obra de los (...) Arzobispos de Toledo, dueños de la amplia tierra de la vecina Cazorla, constituida por esos prelados en «Adelantamiento de Cazorla», frente a las incursiones de almohades y nazaríes. (shrink)

This article is a study of three towns in the province of Jaén. AU of them have Arab origins, and were created under the protection of powerful strongholds : Segura de la Sierra, Iznatoraz and Santiesteban. The first was mentioned in Arab chronicles in the 11th century and the third is documented in these sources in the 10th century. There is no such documentation forIznatoraz, but its name is undoubtedly of Arabic origin. The study also makes reference to mudéjar architecture (...) from the 13 th and 14th centuries additions made to the castle in Segura de la Sierra by the Archbishops of Toledo. These Archbishops were the lords, in neighbouring Cazorla, of extensive lands established as «Adelantamiento de Cazorla», in order to stand against the incursions by the Almohads and later on by the Naṣrids. (shrink)

En la inscripción árabe del exterior de la mezquita del Cristo de la Luz figura el año 999 en que se termina el templo, pero éste pudo ser anterior, remodelado o reconstruido en aquella fecha, añadiéndose el forro decorativo de ladrillos de las fachadas de la calle y del lado noroeste, además de las cúpulas califales del interior. Estudio añadido de alminares de la ciudad.

En la inscripción árabe del exterior de la mezquita del Cristo de la Luz figura el año 999 en que se termina el templo, pero éste pudo ser anterior, remodelado o reconstruido en aquella fecha, añadiéndose el forro decorativo de ladrillos de las fachadas de la calle y del lado noroeste, además de las cúpulas califales del interior. Estudio añadido de alminares de la ciudad.

Corría el año de 1837. Un joven que había nacido viejo, a los 24 años, encorvado y un poco lerdo en su caminar, con su pipa en la mano, con un rostro amable pero con una mirada que dejaba en silencio hasta al más elocuente, atrapaba con su mirada contemplativa la juventud de la quinceañera Regine Olsen. Ella en ese instante sintió que su inocencia se convertía en un interrogante inmortal y él desbordaba su ingenio en palabras que no lograban (...) siquiera hacer un esbozo de lo que entre ellos acontecía: una de las grandes historias de amor en un pequeño y alejado país confinado a 40 islas en el norte del hemisferio. (shrink)

After the viral outbreak that hit populations across the planet in the first half of 2020, it has been argued that the coronavirus pandemic can be described as a quintessential phenomenon of the Anthropocene, i.e. the result of a particular stage of socionatural relations in which wild habitats are invaded and anthropogenic climate change creates the conditions for the emergence of more frequent viral pathogens. Likewise, it has also been argued that the pandemic is an event that shares structural features (...) with climate change itself and, consequently, offers some lessons about how best to fight the latter. I will consider these arguments, offering an alternative view of the relationship between the pandemic and the Anthropocene. I will argue that although the pandemic should not be primarily seen as an event of the Anthropocene, it can end up reinforcing the Anthropocene frame for several reasons. (shrink)

Resumen En este trabajo se desarrolla una aproximación epistemológica a las significaciones sociales, comprendidas como una entidad central que urde la composición simbólica de la realidad. Para ello, se despliega un trabajo teórico y reflexivo con el objetivo de esclarecer las tres significaciones sociales que aquí se establecen: imaginarios sociales, representaciones sociales y re-presentaciones discursivas. Al mismo tiempo, se procura presentar una taxonomía en planos de significación, correspondiente a las particularidades y ámbitos de acción de los imaginarios sociales (plano profundo), (...) representaciones sociales (plano medio de transición) y re-presentaciones discursivas (plano superficial). Este trabajo epistémico, que aporta en la clarificación conceptual de las tres nociones tratadas, ofrece un sustento teórico para futuras investigaciones y una nueva forma de abordar las significaciones sociales. Abstract In this work, an epistemological approach to social meanings is developed, understood as a central entity that weaves the symbolic composition of reality. To do this, a theoretical and reflective work is deployed with the aim of clarifying the three social meanings established here: social imaginaries, social representations, and discursive re-presentations. At the same time, it seeks to present a taxonomy in planes of meaning, corresponding to the particularities and fields of action of social imaginaries (deep plane), social representations (middle plane of transition) and discursive re-presentations (superficial plane). This epistemic work, which contributes to the conceptual clarification of the three notions discussed, offers theoretical support for future research and a new way of approaching social meanings. (shrink)

The ideal of emancipation has been traditionally grounded on the premise that human activity is not restrained by external boundaries. Thus the realisation of values such as autonomy or recognition has been facilitated by economic growth and material expansion. Yet there is mounting evidence that the human impact on natural systems at the planetary level, a novelty captured by the concept of the Anthropocene, endangers the Earth’s habitability. If human development is to be limited for the sake of global sustainability, (...) can emancipation be kept as a mobilising ideal? As opposed to alternative views such as that of degrowth, this article argues that it can. The key lies in the ability of the Anthropocene to produce planetary subjectivities. By recognising the bounded quality of human embeddedness, the possibility of a different emancipation is opened up. The latter does not give up material well-being, yet it makes sure that the latter does not endanger planetary habitability. (shrink)

Synthetic biology is an emerging engineering discipline that attempts to design and rewire biological components, so as to achieve new functions in a robust and predictable manner. The new tools and strategies provided by synthetic biology have the potential to improve therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, synthetic biology will help design small molecules, proteins, gene networks, and vectors to target disease‐related genes. Ultimately, new intelligent delivery systems will provide targeted and sustained therapeutic benefits. New treatments will arise from combining (...) ‘protect and repair’ strategies: the use of drug treatments, the promotion of neurotrophic factor synthesis, and gene targeting. Going beyond RNAi and artificial transcription factors, site‐specific genome modification is likely to play an increasing role, especially with newly available gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 systems. Taken together, these advances will help develop safe and long‐term therapies for many brain diseases in human patients. (shrink)

_ Source: _Page Count 21 In the past two and a half decades, Frank Ankersmit has developed a complex notion of historical experience. Despite its many virtues it has at least one major difficulty: it implies a sharp separation between experience and language. This essay aims to bridge this gap, while preserving the positive aspects of Ankersmit’s theory. To do this, I will first present the ontological and epistemological implications of Ankersmit’s notion of historical experience. Next, I will present my (...) objections to his idea. Finally, I will propose two modifications to his notion of historical experience: first, in the epistemological sense by considering historical experience as a form of Louis Mink’s configurational comprehension and, second, in the ontological sense by relating historical experience with the _vitalist_ ontology of José Ortega y Gasset. (shrink)

The relationship between society and nature has an outstanding importance in the fields of environmental philosophy and sociology. It is dominated by the opposition between realism and constructivism, i.e., between those who argue that nature is an entity independent of society and those who respond that nature is a social construction. Such conflict is usually solved by accepting that nature exists, but our knowledge of it can only be socially mediated. However, a new version of constructivism can be defended, one (...) which pays enough attention to the material dimension of society and nature’s interaction. Society has always intervened upon nature and the final outcome of such historical process has been the transformation of nature into human environment. A realistic constructivism allows us to highlight that decisive feature of socio-natural interaction. (shrink)

La tradición filosófica se ha asentado sobre una serie de presupuestos a propósito de lo que significa pensar, que ha naturalizado una forma dogmática del ejercicio filosófico y que se ha expandido en general a todas las áreas del hacer y del saber. El presente artículo intenta ofrecer, a la luz de la obra de Gilles Deleuze, un diagnóstico de tales presupuestos.

We propose to approach Simondon’s writing as a techno-aesthetic object, as a singular prose of thought. To do so requires assuming Simondon’s technological proposal as the creation of a new mode of knowledge about the technicality of objects, abandoning the idea that the word “technology” can serve to designate a given state of things. This proposal, cultural and educational at the same time, requires a new way of approaching the world, starting with the way we approach reading. The techno-aesthetics of (...) Simondon’s writing also requires a techno-aesthetic reading. (shrink)

The old enclosed precint of Cádiz, known as the Pópulo, was formed by a curtain wall flanked by towers with a gate in the centre of each face. It was dominated by the ruins of the Roman theatre, discovered in 1980, which occupied a third of the total surface area of the enclosure. The gate in the North wall, presently known as the Arch of Pópulo, has a pointed arch with prominent keystone and is of Arab origin. It was probably (...) built in the 12th century for the Governor Abū l-Ḥasan who embraced the Almohad cause. This gate and the walls of the city were restored during the reing of Alfonso X. Within the Pópulo, there was a mosque oriented toward the South-East, the site of which is occupied by the church of Santa Cruz, also known as the Catedral Vieja. It is probable that in the Pópulo, there was a ribāṭ, or fortified barracks for volunteers for the jihād In the centre of the island of Cádiz, there was a famous Roman tower of lighthouse of two storeys which was described by al-Zuhrī in the 12th century. The tower was similar in appearance to the Faro of Alexandria and would have been the model for the minarets of occidental mosques. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo, se analizan tres mujeres de época julio-claudia: Agripina la Mayor, Epícaris y Boudica, procedentes de diferentes condiciones sociales y orígenes geográficos distintos como paradigmas de _fortitudo animi et corporis_ en los _Anales_ de Tácito. A través de los pasajes de esta obra, se entreve la admiración y simpatía del autor por las causas perdidas defendidas por estas mujeres frente al poder de la tiranía. En su narración introduce elementos que atraen al lector para que se postule (...) en favor de ellas, si bien en ocasiones señala comportamientos impropios de sus _conditiones feminarum_. A pesar de la extensa bibliografía existente sobre estas féminas, sus figuras no han sido tratadas bajo la perspectiva que aquí se aborda. (shrink)

Nelson Maldonado-Torres argues that European modernity has become inextricable from the experience of the warrior and conqueror. In _Against War_, he develops a powerful critique of modernity, and he offers a critical response combining ethics, political theory, and ideas rooted in Christian and Jewish thought. Maldonado-Torres focuses on the perspectives of those who inhabit the underside of western modernity, particularly Jewish, black, and Latin American theorists. He analyzes the works of the Jewish Lithuanian-French philosopher and religious thinker Emmanuel (...) Levinas, the Martiniquean psychiatrist and political thinker Frantz Fanon, and the Catholic Argentinean-Mexican philosopher, historian, and theologian Enrique Dussel. Considering Levinas’s critique of French liberalism and Nazi racial politics, and the links between them, Maldonado-Torres identifies a “master morality” of dominion and control at the heart of western modernity. This master morality constitutes the center of a warring paradigm that inspires and legitimizes racial policies, imperial projects, and wars of invasion. Maldonado-Torres refines the description of modernity’s war paradigm and the Levinasian critique through Fanon’s phenomenology of the colonized and racial self and the politics of decolonization, which he reinterprets in light of the Levinasian conception of ethics. Drawing on Dussel’s genealogy of the modern imperial and warring self, Maldonado-Torres theorizes race as the naturalization of war’s death ethic. He offers decolonial ethics and politics as an antidote to modernity’s master morality and the paradigm of war. _Against War_ advances the de-colonial turn, showing how theory and ethics cannot be conceived without politics, and how they all need to be oriented by the imperative of decolonization in the modern/colonial and postmodern world. (shrink)